  c -  ava (pruval  )  categ ory pro- duct obser- vability  ava aggrega ted ava calculat ed     -  ipv   (   ) ipv  -   (   )  day1       - roach  aggre- gated   termi nation. c –  ava (pruval  ).   181.           ( ) /  a    182.    top  avas   ava    ava        ( ) /  c. 183.  top  avas,   avas. 184.   top   avas       (a)     ( )     ( ) / 185.     ava,    ava  a        avas,         .    (alpha- )          (  ,  ,  ,  )     ir –    –  cr –  eq –  co –     (alpha- )                  (a)     ( )     ( ) /  observability             : —   a   a  ; —  a verifiable           ; —   a  quote.          : ‘ ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ +’.    ava   ( )     ( ) / ava           -        -  ( )     ( ) /         ( ) / fv – pv   ava    ava       ( )       ( ) /  avas            ( ).   apva       . -  -     -            -     -             -     -      ipv   (   )        (‘ipv  ’)   closest         ( )      ipv     ipv             (   )    ipv   (   )   ava   ipv      . –     c     c    c -  ava (pruval  )  concen- trated    concen- trated  ava concen- trated   ipv  c –  ava (pruval  ).   186.        ( ) /  a     187.    top  avas   ava    ava        ( ) /    c. 188.  top  avas,   avas. 189.   top   avas       (a)     ( )     ( ) / 190.      ava       a        avas,         .      (  ,  ,  ,  )    ir –    –  cr –  eq –  co –                     (a)     ( )     ( ) /               (a)     ( )     ( ) /      please           ‘    ’, ‘    ’   ‘  ’.    please           ‘pv01; eur          ’.            (b)     ( )     ( ) / ava  ava   ( )     ( ) /      calibrate    ipv         (‘ipv  ’)   closest         ( )     ipv     ipv  .